Iinkampani ze-semiconductor zase-US azikwazi kuchitha imali zisakha iifektri eziphambili e-China okanye zenze iitshiphusi zemakethi yase-US.
Iinkampani ze-semiconductor zase-US ezamkela i-280 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwi-CHIPS kunye ne-Science Act incentives ziya kuvalwa kutyalo-mali e-China.Iindaba zamva nje zivela ngqo kuNobhala wezoRhwebo uGina Raimondo, oye waxelela iintatheli kwi-White House izolo.
I-CHIPS, okanye i-America's Semiconductor Manufacturing Favorable Incentives Act, iphelele kwi-52 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ezingama-280 eebhiliyoni zeerandi kwaye iyinxalenye yomzamo worhulumente wokuvuselela imveliso ye-semiconductor yasekhaya e-United States, esemva kweTaiwan nase China.
Ngenxa yoko, iinkampani zeteknoloji ezifumana inkxaso-mali yomanyano phantsi koMthetho we-CHIPS ziya kuvalwa ukwenza ushishino e-China iminyaka elishumi.URaimondo uchaze lo mlinganiso “njengocingo lokuqinisekisa ukuba abantu abafumana inkxaso-mali ye-CHIPS abayi kusongela ukhuseleko lwesizwe.”
"Abavumelekanga ukusebenzisa le mali kutyalo-mali e-China, abanako ukuphuhlisa itekhnoloji ephucukileyo e-China, kwaye abanakuthumela itekhnoloji yamva nje phesheya."".isiphumo.
Ukuvalwa kuthetha ukuba iinkampani azinakusebenzisa imali ukwakha iifektri eziphambili e-China okanye ukuvelisa iitshiphusi zentengiso yase-US kwilizwe lasempuma.Nangona kunjalo, iinkampani zobugcisa zinokwandisa kuphela amandla azo okwenza itshiphu ekhoyo eTshayina ukuba iimveliso zijolise kuphela kwimarike yaseTshayina.
“Ukuba bathathe imali benze nayiphi na kwezi, siya kuyibuyisela imali,” uRaimondo uphendule watsho komnye umcholacholi weendaba.URaimondo uqinisekisile ukuba iinkampani zaseMelika zikulungele ukuthobela ukuvalwa okumiselweyo.
Iinkcukacha kunye neenkcukacha zolu kuvalwa ziya kugqitywa ngoFebruwari 2023. Nangona kunjalo, uRaimondo wacacisa ukuba isicwangciso esipheleleyo sibhekiselele ekukhuseleni ukhuseleko lukazwelonke lwase-United States.Ke ngoko, akucaci ukuba iinkampani esele zityale imali eTshayina kwaye zabhengeza imveliso eyandisiweyo ye-node elizweni kufuneka zirhoxe kwizicwangciso zazo.
"Siza kuqesha abantu abaye baba ngabaxoxisi abanzima kwicandelo labucala, bangoochwephesha kwishishini le-semiconductor, kwaye siza kuthethathethana ngesivumelwano esinye ngexesha kwaye sibeke uxinzelelo kwezi nkampani ukuba zibonakalise kuthi - sifuna ukuba bakwenze oko ngokokudiza ngokwemali, babonakalise kuthi ngokotyalo-mali lwenkunzi – babonakalise kuthi ukuba imali iyimfuneko ngokwenene ukwenza olo tyalo-mali.”
Ukusukela ukuba umthetho onqabileyo we-bipartisan, uMthetho weChip, wasayinwa waba ngumthetho ngo-Agasti, uMcron ubhengeze ukuba uza kutyala i-40 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwimveliso yase-US ekupheleni kweminyaka elishumi.
I-Qualcomm kunye ne-GlobalFoundries babhengeze i-4.2 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ukubambisana ukunyusa imveliso ye-semiconductor kwiziko laseNew York.Ngaphambili, i-Samsung (i-Texas ne-Arizona) kunye ne-Intel (eNew Mexico) ibhengeze utyalo-mali lwezigidigidi zeedola kwiifektri ze-chip.
Kwi-52 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ezabelwe uMthetho weChip, i-39 yeebhiliyoni zeedola iya kwimveliso evuselelayo, i-13.2 yeebhiliyoni zeedola iya kwi-R&D kunye nophuhliso lwabasebenzi, kwaye i-$ 500 yezigidi eseleyo iya kwimisebenzi yokubonelela nge-semiconductor.Kwakhona yazisa i-25 yepesenti yetyala lerhafu yotyalo-mali kwiinkcitho ezinkulu ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ii-semiconductors kunye nezixhobo ezinxulumeneyo.
Ngokutsho kwe-Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA), ukuveliswa kwe-semiconductor yi-555.9 yeebhiliyoni zeedola eziza kuvula ifestile entsha ngo-2021, kunye ne-34.6% (i-$ 192.5 yezigidigidi) yaloo ngeniso eya e-China.Nangona kunjalo, abavelisi baseTshayina basathembele kuyilo lwe-semiconductor kunye netekhnoloji yase-US, kodwa ukuvelisa ngumcimbi owahlukileyo.Ukuveliswa kweSemiconductor kufuna iminyaka yokubonelela kunye nezixhobo ezibiza kakhulu njengeenkqubo ezigqithisileyo ze-ultraviolet lithography.
Ukoyisa ezi ngxaki, oorhulumente bamazwe angaphandle, kubandakanywa urhulumente waseTshayina, baye bahlanganisa ishishini kwaye ngokuqhubekayo banikezela ngenkuthazo yokwenziwa kwetshiphu, okubangele ukuhla kwe-US semiconductor umthamo wokuvelisa ukusuka kwi-56.7% ngo-2013 ukuya kwi-43.2% ngo-2021.Nangona kunjalo, imveliso ye-chip yase-US ithatha kuphela i-10 ekhulwini lehlabathi lilonke.
I-Chip Act kunye ne-China yokuthintela utyalo-mali imilinganiselo iye yanceda ekukhuliseni ukuveliswa kweetshiphu zase-US.Ngo-2021, i-56.7% yeziseko zokwenziwa kweenkampani ezikwikomkhulu lase-US ziya kufumaneka phesheya kolwandle, ngokweSIA.
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